This deliverable is a synthesis of the work carried out in the context of the Work package 13 of the Governance view Area of the ALICE RAP and it is complemented by the book “Governance of Addictions – European Public Policies” that has been accepted to be published by Oxford University Press.

In the present report three multidisciplinary studies are reported about effects of alcohol and cannabis marketing exposure on brain activity and drug-related cognitive processing in users of alcohol and cannabis and in controls. As was described in the Description of Work of the ALICE RAP project, the work consists of two parts. In Part I, a neuroimaging study about the effects of alcohol and cannabis marketing on brain activity is reported. Part II consists of two studies. In study 1 of part II, the immediate effect of alcohol advertisement exposure in light and heavy (but not clinically dependent) drinkers of alcohol is reported. In study 2 of Part II, immediate and long-term effects of alcohol advertisement in alcohol dependent patients are reported.

This report looks at Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) across the tobacco, alcohol, and gambling industries in Europe, and also at CSR around decriminalised drugs (coffeeshops) and illicit drugs.  We also look at CSR in the high fat, salt or sugar (HFSS) food industry, given that some have argued that these products are addictive, and because its CSR discourses and practices share many features with the addictive industry.

The reduction of harmful substance use and gambling does not refer only to cessation, but also changes in patterns of use and the environment of use that result in a reduction in harmful outcomes to the individual, friends and family, and wider society. Within this work we have examined the determinants of such changes with a focus towards non-formal treatment.

This report also presents methodologically updated transition probabilities and hazard ratios for the transitions between different stages of alcohol use, calculted with reference to the different covariates age, gender and socioeconomic status.

This report focuses on the determinants of reductions in or cessation of harmful use of substances and gambling, where harm may be a direct result of a behaviour or a consequence of societal reactions to that behaviour. Determinants identified are wide ranging and include availability, economic conditions, gender, personality traits, neurological changes, media campaigns, social identity and social networks.